{"id":27046,"date":"2025-09-22T14:05:06","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T12:05:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/?p=27046"},"modified":"2025-09-22T14:05:06","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T12:05:06","slug":"myty-o-umelem-oplodneni-lekarka-vysvetluje-jaka-jsou-fakta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/myty-o-umelem-oplodneni-lekarka-vysvetluje-jaka-jsou-fakta\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fdty o um\u011bl\u00e9m oplodn\u011bn\u00ed: L\u00e9ka\u0159ka vysv\u011btluje, jak\u00e1 jsou fakta"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Podle Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO) se s neplodnost\u00ed pot\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jeden z \u0161esti p\u00e1r\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Od narozen\u00ed prvn\u00edho \u201ed\u00edt\u011bte ze zkumavky\u201c v roce 1978 pomohly metody asistovan\u00e9 reprodukce p\u0159iv\u00e9st na sv\u011bt u\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 12 milion\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. P\u0159esto kolem in vitro fertilizace (IVF) st\u00e1le koluje \u0159ada m\u00fdt\u016f. Ty nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00fdty vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Hana Vi\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1, Ph.D., vedouc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159ka kliniky IVF CUBE.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> M\u00fdty o t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a d\u011btech z IVF<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>M\u00fdtus: D\u011bti z IVF jsou nemocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>D\u011bti narozen\u00e9 po um\u011bl\u00e9m oplodn\u011bn\u00ed jsou ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f stejn\u011b zdrav\u00e9 jako d\u011bti po\u010dat\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u011b. Dlouhodob\u00e9 studie sleduj\u00edc\u00ed jejich v\u00fdvoj ukazuj\u00ed srovnateln\u00fd psychomotorick\u00fd, kognitivn\u00ed i celkov\u00fd zdravotn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj. <em>\u201ePokud se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech objevuj\u00ed m\u00edrn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rizika, nap\u0159\u00edklad u p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho porodu nebo ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed porodn\u00ed hmotnosti, b\u00fdvaj\u00ed tato rizika nej\u010dast\u011bji spojena s v\u011bkem rodi\u010d\u016f \u2013 nikoli s metodou IVF samotnou,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje MUDr. Hana Vi\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00fdtus: Z IVF se rod\u00ed dvoj\u010data a&nbsp;troj\u010data.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed dvaceti lety bylo b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e9 oplodn\u011bn\u00ed kon\u010dilo narozen\u00edm dvoj\u010dat \u010di dokonce troj\u010dat. L\u00e9ka\u0159i tehdy p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161eli v\u00edce embry\u00ed najednou, aby zv\u00fd\u0161ili \u0161anci na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 ot\u011bhotn\u011bn\u00ed. Dnes se ale situace z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnila d\u00edky modern\u00edm postup\u016fm,. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.focusonreproduction.eu\/press-releases\/ivf-and-iui-pregnancy-rates-remain-stable-across-europedespite-an-increasing-uptake-of-single-embryo-transfer\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">Evropsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti pro lidskou reprodukci a embryologii (ESHRE)<\/a> se p\u0159i t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvou t\u0159etin\u00e1ch v\u0161ech cykl\u016f IVF p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pouze jedno embryo. D\u00edky tomu vzrostl pod\u00edl jedno\u010detn\u00fdch t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed na 91,5 %, zat\u00edmco po\u010det dvoj\u010dat klesl na 8,4 % a troj\u010data z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed naprostou v\u00fdjimkou (0,1 %). <em>\u201eNa\u0161\u00ed snahou je nejen dos\u00e1hnout \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho ot\u011bhotn\u011bn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 chr\u00e1nit zdrav\u00ed matky i d\u00edt\u011bte. Jedno\u010detn\u00e9 t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed je z medic\u00ednsk\u00e9ho hlediska v\u017edy bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> zd\u016fraz\u0148uje MUDr. Hana Vi\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00fdtus: Po IVF u\u017e nelze ot\u011bhotn\u011bt p\u0159irozen\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u010cast\u00fdm omylem je p\u0159edstava, \u017ee pokud \u017eena podstoup\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 oplodn\u011bn\u00ed, u\u017e nikdy nebude moci ot\u011bhotn\u011bt bez l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 pomoci. Ve skute\u010dnosti metoda IVF nijak \u201eneblokuje\u201c p\u0159irozenou plodnost \u2013 a u n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u00e1r\u016f se po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m cyklu \u0161ance na spont\u00e1nn\u00ed po\u010det\u00ed dokonce zvy\u0161uje. <em>\u201eNen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou, \u017ee po prvn\u00edm d\u00edt\u011bti z IVF p\u0159ijde druh\u00e9 \u00fapln\u011b p\u0159irozen\u011b. D\u016fvod\u016f je hned n\u011bkolik. P\u0159i vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edch se \u010dasto odhal\u00ed a odstran\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina neplodnosti. Po porodu se nav\u00edc m\u011bn\u00ed hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed nastaven\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159irozen\u00e9 po\u010det\u00ed usnadnit. Svoji roli hraje i psychick\u00e1 pohoda \u2013 kdy\u017e u\u017e p\u00e1r jedno d\u00edt\u011b m\u00e1, odpad\u00e1 stres a tlak, kter\u00e9 mohou negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat plodnost,\u201c<\/em> potvrzuje MUDr. Hana Vi\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> M\u00fdty o embry\u00edch<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>M\u00fdtus: Zmrazen\u00e1 embrya maj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci na \u00fasp\u011bch<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Obava, \u017ee zmrazen\u00e1 embrya maj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci na uhn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed, vych\u00e1z\u00ed z doby, kdy se pou\u017e\u00edvalo pomal\u00e9 zmrazov\u00e1n\u00ed. Dnes je ale standardem metoda vitrifikace \u2013 ultrarychl\u00e9 zmrazen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zabra\u0148uje tvorb\u011b ledov\u00fdch krystalk\u016f a zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 kvalitu embrya. D\u00edky tomu maj\u00ed rozmrazen\u00e1 embrya&nbsp;srovnatelnou \u0161anci na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou implantaci jako embrya \u010derstv\u00e1. <em>\u201eNa na\u0161\u00ed klinice nav\u00edc pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me tzv. single vitrifikaci \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00e9 embryo zmrazujeme samostatn\u011b,\u201c <\/em>up\u0159es\u0148uje MUDr. Vi\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1&nbsp; a dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 studie dokonce ukazuj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky po transferu rozmrazen\u00e9ho embrya.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00fdtus: Embrya se dlouh\u00fdm skladov\u00e1n\u00edm kaz\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zmrazen\u00e1 embrya skute\u010dn\u011b nelze uchov\u00e1vat neomezen\u011b dlouho. \u201e<em>Z biologick\u00e9ho hlediska v\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m skladov\u00e1n\u00ed v tekut\u00e9m dus\u00edku p\u0159i \u2212196 \u00b0C teoreticky uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na i des\u00edtky let bez po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed chlad zastav\u00ed v\u0161echny bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 procesy a kvalita embrya tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zachov\u00e1na,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Hana Vi\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1. V praxi ale d\u00e9lku skladov\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010duj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy a etick\u00e9 z\u00e1sady. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed doba uchov\u00e1n\u00ed embry\u00ed stanovena na 10 let. Po uplynut\u00ed t\u00e9to lh\u016fty mus\u00ed p\u00e1r rozhodnout, jak s embryi nalo\u017e\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad je darovat k v\u00fdzkumu nebo p\u0159en\u00e9st do zem\u011b s odli\u0161nou legislativou.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> M\u00fdty o embryologii <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>M\u00fdtus: Embryologov\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 d\u011bti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edstava, \u017ee embryologov\u00e9 \u201eupravuj\u00ed\u201c genetickou v\u00fdbavu d\u011bt\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejv\u00edce zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed. V Evrop\u011b i ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b sv\u011bta je toti\u017e genetick\u00e1 manipulace embry\u00ed zak\u00e1z\u00e1na a podl\u00e9h\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 legislativ\u011b. <em>\u201eTakzvan\u00e9 \u201ad\u00edt\u011b na m\u00edru\u2018 je sp\u00ed\u0161 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 z v\u011bdeckofantastick\u00e9ho filmu ne\u017e realita,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Hana Vi\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00fdtus: Embrya jsou n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly pro d\u011bti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edstava, \u017ee si rodi\u010de mohou uchov\u00e1vat embrya jako \u201ebiologickou pojistku\u201c nebo n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly pro sv\u00e9 d\u011bti, vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b z myln\u00e9 z\u00e1m\u011bny s&nbsp;kmenov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami, kter\u00e9 se z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad z pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve novorozence. <em>\u201eZamrazen\u00e1 embrya nejsou osobn\u00ed \u201ebiologickou pojistkou\u201c a nelze je pou\u017e\u00edt jako l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro d\u0159\u00edve narozen\u00e9 sourozence. Slou\u017e\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b pro mo\u017enost budouc\u00edho t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 odbornice.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/wp-content\/uploads\/TZ_IVF-CUBE_My\u0301ty-o-plodnosti-a-IVF.docx\" class=\"sc_button sc_button_style_regular theme_button sc_button_size_medium\">St\u00e1hnout tiskovou zpr\u00e1vu<\/a>\nngg_shortcode_0_placeholder\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Podle Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO) se s neplodnost\u00ed pot\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jeden z \u0161esti p\u00e1r\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Od narozen\u00ed prvn\u00edho \u201ed\u00edt\u011bte ze zkumavky\u201c v roce 1978 pomohly metody asistovan\u00e9 reprodukce p\u0159iv\u00e9st na sv\u011bt u\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 12 milion\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. P\u0159esto kolem in vitro fertilizace (IVF) st\u00e1le koluje \u0159ada m\u00fdt\u016f. Ty nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00fdty vysv\u011btluje [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":27051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[527],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27046"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27046"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27046\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27052,"href":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27046\/revisions\/27052"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27046"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27046"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phoenixcom.cz\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27046"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}